![]() A comparable list in the last pages of The Dream of Rhonabwy refers to a Peredur Paladr Hir ("of the Long Spear-Shaft"), whom Peter Bartrum identifies as the same figure. Peredur does appear in the romance Geraint and Enid, which includes "Peredur son of Efrawg" in a list of warriors accompanying Geraint. However, the earliest Welsh Arthurian text, Culhwch and Olwen, does not mention Peredur in any of its extended catalogues of famous and less famous warriors. It is generally accepted that Peredur was a well-established figure before he became the hero of Peredur son of Efrawg. The name "Peredur" may derive from Welsh par (spear) and dur (hard, steel). In the Welsh romance Peredur son of Efrawg, the corresponding figure goes by the name Peredur. ![]() ![]() He then becomes the eponymous protagonist of Chrétien's final romance, Perceval, the Story of the Grail. ![]() In another of Chrétien's romances, Cligés, Perceval is a "renowned vassal" who is defeated by the knight Cligés in a tournament. The earliest reference to Perceval is found in Chrétien de Troyes's first Arthurian romance Erec et Enide, where, as "Percevaus li Galois" ( Percevaus of Wales), he appears in a list of Arthur's knights. ![]() Percival in Newell Convers Wyeth's illustration for Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur (1922) ![]()
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